Perspectives, Relationships and Relativity in Ibn al - ‘Arabī’s Thought 8 of seeing and consideration ( bi - naw‘ mushāhada wa - i‘tibār ) and may be one through another kind of seeing and consideration . ” 5 The Mu‘tazilite theologian ‘Abd al - Jabbār ( d . 1025 ) was very fond of using perspectives in his exegesis of parts of the Qur’ān . According to Qur’ān 9 : 46 God prevented certain people from going out to battle . This, of course, runs contrary to the Mu‘tazilite dogma of free will . ‘Abd al - Jabbār responds to this difficulty by noting that God did not say which point of view ( wajh ) leads Him to prevent the people from going out . For instance, God could forestall them because of His knowledge that they would harm the Muslims . 6 Ibn al - ‘Arabī’s foremost disciple, Ṣadr al - Dīn al - Qūnawī d . 1274 ) also employs the system of examination utilizing ( perspectives, stating that the creation can be perceived from the perspective of the intellect and spirit of the macrocosm ...
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